每个LLM流行词的奇幻故事解释（RAG、MoE、LoRA、RoPE等）

每个LLM流行词的奇幻故事解释（RAG、MoE、LoRA、RoPE等）
The Lexiconia Codex: A fantasy story that teaches you LLM buzzwords

原始链接: https://medium.com/@isranimohit/the-lexiconia-codex-a-fantasy-story-that-teaches-you-every-llm-buzzword-3b7f6eb23da9

在隐秘的 lexiconia 山中圣地，有抱负的抄写员们接受严格的训练，以驾驭他们语言的力量。整个过程分为三个不同的阶段。首先，在起源大厅，年轻的抄写员们进行预训练，研读无数卷轴以直觉地理解语言的底层模式。接下来，在指令室，他们接受微调训练，在导师的指导下学习特定卷轴，例如医学或法律文件，以提升他们的技能。最后，在强化竞技场，抄写员们面临偏好测试。在这里，他们对查询的回答将由强化者——睿智的人类——进行评级。最好的回答将获得奖励，而其他的则会被惩罚，这个过程被称为基于人类反馈的强化学习 (RLHF)。对于精英抄写员，专门的增强功能以 LoRA 绑定和适配器的形式出现，这些如同低语卷轴般的东西可以巧妙地调整他们的回应，而不会改写他们的核心本质，这类似于为骑士配备专门的装备。

Hacker News用户isranimohit分享了一篇名为《Lexiconia Codex》的Medium文章，这是一篇奇幻故事，用隐喻解释了RAG、RLHF和MoE等大型语言模型（LLM）的专业术语。作者是一位机器学习工程师，这篇文章是他之前解释LLM和RAG系统的文章的后续，旨在征求Hacker News社区的反馈。评论者airza质疑这篇文章是否由LLM生成。另一位评论者mpalmer批评文章过长且明显为AI生成，认为其隐喻并没有增强理解。他们还指出了奇幻设定中的不一致之处，以及一些模棱两可的比喻削弱了文章的质量和用心程度，暗示了过度依赖LLM写作的潜在风险。

原文

“Where Scribes are Trained, Tamed, and Transformed”

In a hidden mountain sanctuary within Lexiconia, ancient Scribes undergo a series of sacred rituals that shape their powers. This temple is divided into three wings: The Hall of Origins, The Chamber of Instructions, and The Arena of Reinforcement.

🏛️ 1. The Hall of Origins — The Rite of Pretraining

Here, young Scribes are exposed to millions of scrolls from every corner of Lexiconia: tavern tales, royal decrees, farm diaries, even forbidden jokes from the Dark Web Caverns. They read everything — not to memorize it, but to guess what comes next. Line by line. Rune by rune.

This is the Pretraining — where the Scribes learn the patterns of language itself.

🧾 2. The Chamber of Instructions — The Art of Fine-Tuning

But raw power is chaotic. A pretrained Scribe might generate nonsense or limericks when asked for a war strategy.

So, in this chamber, Instructors teach the Scribes with carefully selected scrolls: medical advice, legal summaries, Python code, and concise answers. These are smaller, focused lessons that guide them to behave better.

This is Fine-tuning — tailored training on a specific skillset.

🤖 3. The Arena of Reinforcement — The Battle of Feedback

Now comes the Trial of Preference. Multiple Scribes write answers to a single query. Judges (wise humans called Reinforcers) rank these answers: “This one’s clearer,” “That one’s safer,” “This one’s rude.”

The best answers are rewarded, the others punished. The Scribes learn which response earns praise — a process called RLHF: Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback.

🪶 4. The LoRA Scrolls and Adapter Relics

Some elite Scribes are modified without rewriting their entire essence. Scholars instead add whisper-scrolls — tiny side scrolls — that tweak their responses in narrow areas (like sarcasm, language style, or medical tone). These are known as LoRA bindings and Adapters.

It’s like equipping a Knight with a special glove instead of retraining them entirely.

Temples of Tuning: A 3-winged temple: one wing full of chaotic books (pretraining), one with focused scrolls and teachers (fine-tuning), and one with judges watching scribes duel (RLHF). A side altar with a small glowing LoRA scroll.