The closest thing today is RaspberryPI, and boot to a linux in text mode, you're basically there.
What is more difficult to find is the combo hardware/software, but the Pi 400 includes keyboard and a mouse comes with as a kit.
Just like in the old days, find a (~TV) cheap LCD monitor and plug and play.
And you have hundreds of games for free, thousands possibly with emulators etc. And you can program in virtually every languages on the planet.
If anything, what you have now paralysis by choice. There is just too much you can do with a basic computers, so you wind up on youtube and social medias instead of being bored with 1 compiler and 1 book.
ref: I grew up on ZX Spectrum+! :)