“不能再这样下去了”:数千人抗议西班牙住房危机
'This can't go on': thousands protest against housing crisis in Spain

原始链接: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/oct/03/spain-housing-protest

数万名人在西班牙各地抗议,马德里以及约50个其他城市举行了集会,要求采取行动解决租金飙升、租期不稳定和无家可归问题。马德里的组织者称有50万人参加示威,而当局则报告有7万人。 这些抗议发生在议会否决政府住房法令之后。投票否决的是保守派人民党、极右翼沃克斯党以及支持加泰罗尼亚独立的扬特斯党。拟议措施包括在2030年前禁止驱逐租客,以及更严格地规范短期租房和单间出租。 87岁的轮椅使用者玛丽卡门·阿瓦斯卡尔在租金上涨230%后被逐出马德里的住所,这加剧了公众的愤怒。抗议者还呼吁举行全面罢工,并要求提供价格可负担且稳定的住房。 大多数示威活动是和平的,但瓦伦西亚发生了冲突,警方使用了橡皮子弹和催泪瓦斯。试图前往马德里抗议营地的极右翼组织遭到阻拦,另有三人被捕。 首相佩德罗·桑切斯可能会宣布在11月提前举行大选。抗议的规模及其对处境艰难政府的政治影响,可能会影响这一决定。

一则关于西班牙住房危机及相关抗议的 Hacker News 讨论,核心聚焦于政治问责:抗议者将矛头指向那些阻止政府采取紧急住房措施的反对党。不过,也有人评论者并不信任政府过去的执政记录及其动机。 参与者对解决方案存在分歧。许多人主张建设更多住宅、提高住房密度,尤其是在有人声称西班牙每年接收约50万移民,却只建造约9万套住房的情况下。另一些人则认为,无限制开发、Airbnb、机构投资者旅游业以及外国所有权都可能进一步恶化住房可负担性,因此主张加强监管或征收土地价值税。 另一个主题是西班牙的就业集中在马德里、巴塞罗那和瓦伦西亚。有人建议通过远程工作,以及投资那些具备发展潜力的二线城市,来缓解这些城市的压力;但批评者质疑这种做法是否涉及过度集中规划,以及这些城市在经济上是否可行。讨论还涉及驱逐租户的保护措施、短期出租监管漏洞、代际公平、移民问题,以及保护长期租户的权益是否比赋予房东更大的灵活性更重要。
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原文

Tens of thousands of people have taken to the streets of Madrid ⁠and other Spanish cities as they step up demands for action to tackle ⁠a mounting housing crisis ⁠after ​government measures were struck down by the opposition.

Demonstrators on Saturday waved posters calling for a general strike ⁠after the measures drawn up to address mass anger over the eviction of an 87-year-old woman in ⁠Madrid, and other housing issues, were rejected in parliament on ​Friday.

Authorities said 70,000 people were protesting. Organisers put the figure at 500,000.

“It’s a shame,” Nando ‌de Anguulo, 26, ‌who joined the protest in Madrid, told Reuters. “It only proves that it ‌is us, the people, who have to adapt to the political parties, and not the politicians to what the people want, and this can’t go on like that.”

Spain’s prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, may call a snap election for November after the ‌legislation failed to pass, Spanish media reported on Friday, and would be watching the strength of Saturday’s ​protests before making a decision.

Thousands of demonstrators took to the streets of Madrid. Photograph: Alejandro Martinez Velez/Reuters

The demonstrations have dominated the national conversation, breathing new life into Sánchez’s beleaguered government and shifting attention away from the lingering impact of recent events in Ceuta.

Protests on Saturday were peaceful in 50 Spanish cities. In the south-eastern city of Valencia, demonstrators clashed with police who fired rubber bullets and teargas ⁠to break up the protests.

About 30 people managed to get inside ​the City ​of Arts and Sciences, a ​landmark cultural building in the city, before they were ​ousted by ‌police.

One protester in Madrid, Marcos Sainz, a librarian, 26, said he used to rent a two-bedroom apartment with friends for a monthly rent of 900 euros ($1,000) but that a one-bedroom flat often now cost 1,000 euros – or half the median monthly salary in the capital.

He told AFP he would protest rental spikes “until someone dares to regulate it all, as (otherwise) we’ll all have to leave Madrid and that would be a shame as I am from Madrid”.

Javier, 31, a solar panel installer, said: “We are demanding a fundamental right: decent housing, stability and conditions allowing us to construct a decent life project.” He added: “I spend half of my salary on a tiny room.”

“What we are feeling in the streets is a new energy that we haven’t seen in a long time, an energy that is showing that eight days of people power can achieve more than eight years of progressive government,” Valeria Racu, one of the spokespeople of the Tenants’ Union organising the protest, said in a statement.

“Now begins real politics – politics which has always belonged to the people and which will return once and for all to the streets,” she said.

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Protesters clash with police during the demonstration in Valencia. Photograph: Kai Forsterling/EPA

Late on Saturday groups of far-right protesters, some of them performing Nazi salutes, tried to get to the camp in Madrid but were blocked by police.

One video posted on the website of Spanish daily El País showed police chasing some members of the group through the streets and the newspaper also reported that officers had made three arrests.

On Friday, Sánchez’s Socialist-led coalition put forward two decrees that included a range of measures aimed at improving access to housing, from a ban on evictions until 2030 to the regulation of temporary lettings and lettings by room.

Despite the anger of the protesters outside parliament, the conservative People’s party, the far-right Vox and the Catalan pro-independence party Junts voted against both decrees.

The People’s party said it had voted in line with its belief that building, rather than regulating, was the best way to address the crisis. “Housing doesn’t become more affordable through decrees; it becomes more affordable by building ​more homes,” said the lawmaker Juan Bravo.

A demonstrator holds up a sign reading ‘Right to a Roof’ on Plaza de Espana in Madrid. Photograph: Javier Soriano/AFP/Getty Images

News of the package’s rejection was met with boos and cries of “shame” outside. “Your profits, our misery,” the protesters chanted.

The long-simmering anger at soaring housing costs boiled over late last month, when 87-year-old Maricarmen Abascal, who uses a wheelchair, was evicted from the home she had lived in for 70 years. The octogenarian said she was unable to afford the 230% rent hike demanded by the investment fund that bought her apartment.

Reuters and AFP contributed to this report.

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