为什么 AI 生成的垃圾宣传有效
Why AI-generated slopaganda works

原始链接: https://www.machinesociety.ai/p/why-ai-generated-slopaganda-works

在劳动节周末期间,唐纳德·特朗普在“真实社交”(Truth Social)平台上分享了一系列由人工智能生成的图像。这些图像描绘了他处于各种虚构场景中,内容从攻击加拿大总理到获得名人批评者的背书不等。虽然这些图像很容易被视为网络恶作剧,但它们代表了宣传手段的一种危险演变。 研究表明,人工智能生成的图像在操纵公众舆论方面极其有效,即使观众知道内容是虚假的也无济于事。由于这些视觉信息绕过了人们的理性思考,它们会植入难以消除的持久印象。此外,研究显示,深度伪造(deepfakes)图像往往比真实面孔更容易被信任,且频繁使用人工智能的用户往往会对自身识别虚假信息的能力产生过度自信。 尽管人工智能的劝说能力强大到足以瓦解阴谋论或将个人从邪教般的幻想中拉回,但这种社会化应用缺乏可行的商业模式。因此,这项技术更有可能因其操控能力而被滥用,这对真相和民主对话构成了严峻挑战。

这篇 Hacker News 的讨论围绕《为什么 AI 生成的“垃圾宣传”有效》一文展开,探讨了 AI 驱动的虚假信息在效果及社会影响方面的争议。 评论者们的观点泾渭分明。一些人批评原文缺乏深度,认为所引用的研究是“垃圾科学”;而支持者则反驳称,作者提供了关于 AI 生成图像背后心理机制的有效同行评审证据。 关于 AI 内容的解读存在两大核心矛盾: 1. **心理操纵**:一些人认为,AI 正被用作战略工具,旨在利用人类的部落主义、认知偏差,以及相较于事实准确性更偏向“多巴胺刺激”的心理需求。 2. **讽刺与现实**:另一些人则区分了旨在以假乱真的 AI 工具(为了建立信任),以及政治语境中常用于强化部落认同的粗糙、荒谬的 AI 讽刺画。 参与者还对平台的审核机制提出了质疑,询问该讨论是否因其争议性而受到压制(即“影子禁言”)。最终,该讨论串突显了人们对 AI 在现代宣传中所扮演角色的深刻怀疑,以及在当前政治环境下,难以判断其具体战略效力。
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原文

SICILY, ITALY (SEPTEMBER 8, 2026) — President Trump posted a series of ridiculous AI slop photos on Truth Social over the Labor Day weekend. A few show Trump assaulting the Prime Minister of Canada during a hockey game (he can’t play hockey). Others show celebrity critics like Robert De Niro appearing to support Trump (they don’t). And he’s depicted in various kinds of military uniforms (he dodged the draft to avoid military service).

He’s posted this kind of “slopaganda” in the past.

As comedian Dave Chappelle said during an SNL monologue on November 12, 2016, “We’ve actually elected an internet troll as our President.”

But while these AI-generated antics can be passed off as mere trolling, or evidence of mental illness, the reality is that this kind of thing is dangerous propaganda. And the most dangerous thing about it is that, according to emerging science, it works (and therefore is likely to be increasingly emulated).

Research shows that AI-generated images still shift people’s beliefs even when the images are labeled as AI-made or known to depict something false, because the effect operates below the threshold of conscious reasoning. And once a false image plants a belief, corrections rarely erase it fully; the original impression lingers and keeps shaping how people think.

In general, AI chatbots and AI-generated imagery are extremely effective at manipulating opinion.

Here are the conclusions of recent studies on the propaganda powers of AI:

  • AI-generated faces and deepfakes are rated more trustworthy than human faces.

  • The longer someone uses AI, the less able they are at identifying fake news as such and the more confident they become in their own ability to spot fake news.

  • Chatbots can also “seduce” users, making many users believe they have formed an intimate relationship, and that the chatbot likes or loves them, and is counting on them.

  • And, finally, AI chatbots are far better than people at persuading others on political opinions. AI chatbots do this by generating rational, evidence-based arguments at very high speeds. They can convince people to accept, or reject, conspiracy theories, depending on how they are used.

And that’s the good news. If used correctly, AI chatbots can convince people to stop subscribing to baseless conspiracy theories, and theoretically even deprogram those in the grip of cult-induced delusions.

The only problem is that this extremely beneficial use for AI’s powers of persuasion lacks a business model.

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