美国环保署称数据中心电力供应可绕过污染法规
EPA says power for data centers can sidestep pollution laws

原始链接: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-issues-permitting-guidance-further-president-trumps-agenda-promoting-data-centers

美国环保署(EPA)发布了新的指导意见,明确规定“孤岛式”发电设施(即未接入公共电网的设施)可免于遵守《清洁空气法》下的“酸雨计划”(ARP)。环保署认定,由于这些设施不向外售电,也不向能源部报告数据,因此不受“酸雨计划”约束。此举旨在为开发商建设离网电源(特别是用于数据中心的电源)提供更大的灵活性。 该政策支持特朗普总统的“纳税人保护承诺”,旨在确保开发商和公用事业公司承担其能源基础设施的全部成本,而非将其转嫁给消费者。环保署助理署长亚伦·扎博(Aaron Szabo)表示,此举旨在促进人工智能发展和国家安全,同时保护社区免受公用事业成本上涨的影响。尽管目前的离网设施享有此项豁免,但指导意见同时指出,若未来接入公共电网,相关设施可能需要遵守“酸雨计划”的相关要求。

一份近期发布的美国环保署(EPA)指导文件在 Hacker News 上引发了激烈争论。该文件明确指出,“孤岛式”发电设施(即未连接公共电网的设施)可能不属于《清洁空气法》酸雨计划的监管范围。 美国环保署的立场基于 1990 年对“公用事业机组”定义的监管解释。然而,批评者认为这是一个“卡通反派式”的漏洞,允许数据中心通过建设私有的化石燃料发电厂来规避环境法规。他们主张,无论是否连接电网,污染的危害性都是一样的;此举将企业的发展速度和利润置于公众健康之上。 相反,一些评论者认为,该指导文件只是反映了现有的法律定义。他们提出,问题的核心在于电网互联流程过于缓慢且官僚化,迫使企业寻求“简单粗暴”的离网解决方案。 这场讨论反映了人们对企业影响政府政策、监管职能缺失,以及人工智能基础设施的快速扩张与环境保护之间紧张关系的深层不满。许多参与者认为这一决定是蓄意拆除环境保障措施,而另一些人则强调了在能源电网现代化方面存在的更广泛的系统性失败。
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原文

WASHINGTON – This month, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued guidance clarifying that the Clean Air Act (CAA) Acid Rain Program (ARP) does not apply to power generation facilities that are not connected to a public electricity grid, commonly referred to as “islanded” power generation facilities. The guidance expands opportunities for companies to develop and operate islanded power generation facilities for data centers. This will give developers greater flexibility in where and how quickly they can build new facilities while helping to protect the environment and reducing burdens on communities’ electric grid.  

This guidance furthers the principals of President Donald Trump’s Ratepayer Protection Pledge, which was expanded last week during an event at EPA. Companies that sign the President’s pledge are committing to build, bring, or buy all of the energy needed to power their facilities and to pay the full cost of that energy and its supporting infrastructure, no matter what. Ratepayer Protection Pledge extends those obligations across the full chain of parties whose decisions determine what a family pays each month: the electric utilities that set rates, the developers that build the facilities, and the States that regulate both.     

“Ensuring that the United States maintains our artificial intelligence dominance is essential to national security and economic prosperity. At the same time, it is equally important that we safeguard our communities from utility price hikes,” said EPA Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation Aaron Szabo. “This guidance will provide an avenue to do both. EPA is proud to further the President’s agenda through commonsense approaches to regulating.”   

EPA’s guidance clarifies that under the best reading of the CAA, the ARP applies to facilities that sell electricity or are required to report as a generating unit to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Because “islanded” power generation facilities neither sell electricity nor have required reporting to DOE, EPA has concluded that these facilities are not subject to the ARP. If a company develops a power generation facility that is not grid connected, but at a future date the company does connect the facility to the grid, the facility may be subject to the provisions in the ARP.

To read EPA’s guidance, visit here.   

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