为什么科技巨头们热衷于发布人工智能宣言
Why tech bosses keep sharing their manifestos about AI

原始链接: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz97ljy91zxo

包括 Meta 的马克·扎克伯格、OpenAI 的山姆·奥特曼和 Anthropic 的达里奥·阿莫迪在内的科技行业领袖,正越来越多地发布长篇宣言来支持人工智能。扎克伯格最近那封长达 6500 字的信《未来属于每个人》(The Future is for Everyone),是继马克·安德森在 2023 年推广“技术乐观主义”主题后,将人工智能定义为变革性积极力量的最新尝试。 这些文件具有多重目的:它们使首席执行官们能够将自己定位为“商业哲学家”,塑造行业的监管方向,并应对广泛存在的社会和经济担忧,例如就业替代和安全风险。通过倡导开源人工智能,扎克伯格等人旨在影响这些强大工具的开发,同时将他们的公司置于技术革命的最前沿。 然而,批评人士以怀疑的眼光看待这些宣言,将其贴上冗长公关活动的标签。经济学家和观察家认为,这些声明是试图缓解围绕人工智能社会影响的负面讨论。归根结底,尽管高管们试图营造一种进步的叙事,但这种乐观情绪在现实世界中的益处仍属推测,关于安全、劳动力市场稳定和企业责任的重大问题仍未得到解答。

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原文

Why tech bosses keep sharing their manifestos about AI

Reuters A close-up of Mark Zuckerberg, wearing a set of Meta Ray-Bans and brown top, walking through a park.Reuters
Mark Zuckerberg is the latest big tech boss to have penned a lengthy message to enshrine his vision for AI

This past week, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg published a 6,500 word open letter entitled "The Future is for Everyone".

To some, it's an expression of hope in AI's promise. To others, it's little more than a verbose public relations exercise.

Zuckerberg's manifesto is the latest example of a tech boss opining on why AI is the next big thing.

His vision echoes what AI leaders have expressed in various forms: the product they are building is among the "most important technologies in history."

Marc Andreessen, co-founder of early web titan Netscape, perhaps started this trend in 2023 with a 5,000-word essay he called "The Techno-Optimist Manifesto", which argued innovation was the way to solve life's problems.

“So they're writing manifestos now?,” I remember thinking to myself.

Andreessen's writing began with him recounting lies he claimed people were spreading, and called for readers to push back against this.

"We believe growth is progress – leading to vitality, expansion of life, increasing knowledge, higher well being," he wrote.

Zuckerberg's recent essay doesn't name names - but the Meta boss mimics Andreessen by questioning those who have warned about the negatives of future tech.

"It is surprising that the discourse from many developing AI is so filled with doom," he writes.

As the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warns AI could affect nearly 40% of jobs and worsen global financial inequality, Zuckerberg says he believes there will be an abundance of jobs in the future.

"I do not understand why anyone who believes that AI will eliminate most jobs and much of humanity's relevance would rush to build that future."

Never mind that Zuckerberg's Meta has cut 10% of its global workforce - about 8,000 jobs - as the company reorganizes to focus on AI.

Zuckerberg's manifesto is the latest to land in our social media feeds in an effort to put a positive spin on AI.

In 2024, ChatGPT-maker OpenAI boss Sam Altman released a manifesto called "The Intelligence Age", a sweeping expression of optimism about the tech's potential.

Human progress was poised to accelerate in dramatic fashion, he promised.

"We need to act wisely but with conviction," he said.

That same year, in a manifesto titled "Machines of Loving Grace", Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei touted the potential of AI to transform everything from healthcare to politics.

He framed it as an attempt to share the potential upsides of AI - and he didn't want to be seen as a doomer.

Getty Images Dario Amodei sitting on-stage at a conference, wearing a blue cardigan and white t-shirt. He is holding his hands clasped in front of him as he speaks.Getty Images
Anthropic boss Dario Amodei has also set out his vision for AI in a manifesto

Zuckerberg is no stranger to the long-winded essay format. During US President Donald Trump's first administration, he even wrote about thorny topics such as the spread of misinformation on his platforms.

He later put pen to paper to explain the company's ill-fated pivot to the metaverse in 2021.

But the stakes are higher in the AI era, argues economics blogger Noah Smith, and the commentary from executives reflects that.

"I think they all feel like it's such an important moment that it's incumbent upon them to do whatever they can to shape the direction that this technology is going," Smith said.

Zuckerberg's new manifesto announced plans to share its artificial intelligence tools more openly, meaning that the design or code behind the tech will be made public, allowing anyone to view, use and change it.

Decisions about whether these tools should be open source carry significant weight given their potential to do harm.

In recent weeks, several highly powerful AI models hacked into websites, or as some put it, "went rogue".

These were the most powerful models, not the ones being made open source - but as the technology develops, it has raised a serious question for Smith.

"Should we open-source something that has the ability to kill humanity?" he asked.

"If you don't take that seriously, you're just a fool."

It's why he thinks these manifestos are important, even if some online poke fun at them.

And they're gaining additional interest at a time when the open source market is dominated by Chinese AI models like Qwen, DeepSeek and GLM.

Getty Images Google's Gemma logo displayed on a smartphone, against a backdrop of an enlarged, blurred version of the same logo.Getty Images
Google's Gemma family of models has become a popular open-source rival in the Western market, alongside Meta's Llama and tools from Mistral AI

But the frequency of these corporate manifestos also serves as a way for executives to position themselves and their companies in the marketplace of ideas.

"It's a way of showing how smart you are," said Rob Lalka, a business professor at Tulane University.

Executives have long used the corporate blog "to expound on ideas in a way where they're sort of this businessman-philosopher, in a sense".

"They're trying to argue for optimism as a way of looking at the future," he said.

Lalka said the timing of Zuckerberg's manifesto coincides with rising anger over AI's impact on everything from jobs to the environment.

And while tech journalists and academics might pore over them trying to glean nuggets of meaning, these executive manifestos are not necessarily landing with the general public.

"They're trying to make the case that the positives will far outweigh some of those negatives that the public backlash is pointing out," he said.

"But I think a lot of the reasons for optimism are still yet to be seen."

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