在澳大利亚,家用电池热潮已助力批发电价减半。
In Australia, a home battery boom has helped cut wholesale power prices

原始链接: https://e360.yale.edu/digest/australia-home-batteries

澳大利亚在能源转型方面取得了重大里程碑,在去年推出政府补贴计划后,已安装了超过 50 万台家用电池。该计划通过为住宅电池系统提供 30% 的折扣,帮助房主存储多余的太阳能,从而解决了因该国领先全球的屋顶太阳能普及率而导致的电网不稳定问题。 这场“电池热潮”对电网管理至关重要。通过存储太阳能供傍晚高峰时段使用,家庭减少了对中央发电厂的依赖。因此,过去一年批发电力价格暴跌了 47%,这在全球能源危机中是一个罕见的成功案例。能源部长克里斯·鲍文(Chris Bowen)指出,澳大利亚目前的家用电池拥有量已超过美国,这使该国成为整合分布式可再生能源的全球领导者。为进一步优化能源使用,政府还鼓励消费者在供电充足的下午非高峰时段使用电器。这一战略正有效地转变国家电网,将过剩的太阳能转化为一种稳定且经济高效的资源,惠及全民。

澳大利亚正经历一场“家庭储能电池热潮”,其驱动力源于太阳能技术成本的下降、政府补贴的支持以及动态电网定价的实施。这一转变显著增加了分布式储能规模,有助于稳定电网,并减少了对昂贵且高碳排放的燃气“调峰”电厂的需求。 住宅太阳能和电池的普及带动了批发电力价格的下降,因为住户现在可以在高峰生产时段自行生产并存储能源。这在降低全网电力成本方面效果显著。 然而,社区层面的讨论也凸显了一些争议焦点: * **公平性问题:** 批评人士认为,这些补贴不成比例地惠及了较富裕的房主,而租房者往往被排除在经济收益之外。 * **效率问题:** 有人认为,公用事业规模的电池储能比数百万个分散的小型住宅装置更具成本效益和效率。 * **基础设施问题:** 支持者则坚持认为,分布式储能增强了电网的关键弹性,并减少了对昂贵输电设施升级的需求。 归根结底,澳大利亚的能源格局正在从一种集中的、依赖化石燃料的模式,转型为一种去中心化的、以可再生能源为主的系统,该系统利用消费者拥有的资产来维持电网稳定。
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原文

A little more than one year ago, Australia rolled out a program to heavily subsidize home batteries, part of a larger effort to make use of the huge volumes of solar energy that were going to waste. On Friday, officials announced that more than 500,000 batteries had been installed under the plan, helping to slash wholesale power prices roughly in half.

Energy Minister Chris Bowen said that Australia now has more home batteries than the United States, which has a population 12 times larger. “This is a story of global significance that Australian households have achieved,” Bowen said in a press conference.

Australia is the world leader in rooftop solar, with panels installed on more than one in three households, the highest rate of adoption globally. But abundant solar power has created a new dilemma as the grid faces a surge of electricity from connected rooftop arrays. Power prices plunge. Centralized power plants are forced offline, threatening grid stability. And much of that solar power goes to waste.

The government has moved to make use of this surplus solar energy, including by offering free power in the early afternoon to homeowners in Queensland, New South Wales, and South Australia, regardless of whether they have solar panels on their roof or not. The goal is to spur more consumers to run appliances or charge electric vehicles during this window.

With its home battery subsidy program, launched in July 2025, the government is aiming to help households use more solar energy by providing a 30 percent discount on residential battery systems connected to solar arrays.

The subsidy program has spurred a boom in installations. Australia is on track to more than double its home battery capacity this year, Bloomberg reports. The program has also been a boon to the grid. By relying on batteries in the early evening, when demand peaks, homeowners are reducing the need for utilities to fire up additional power plants during those hours, which is helping to lower costs for other ratepayers, officials say.

The subsidy program has been “the major factor in the wholesale price of energy falling in Australia by 47 percent in the last 12 months,” Bowen said. “Australia is one of the very, very few countries in the world which is reducing wholesale prices in the midst of a global energy crisis.”

A Home Battery Revolution Is Reshaping the Power Grid

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