sudo apt update && sudo apt -y install build-essential

New Ubuntu sources need to add ‘deb-src’

There is a new way to get the build-deps for Python on Ubuntu, so you’ll need to edit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources and add deb-src to the Types line.

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

Types: deb deb-src

Now that has been added you can get build-deps for Python:

sudo apt update
sudo apt build-dep python3
sudo apt install -y pkg-config

Install all the additional packages for python extras, you want these

I generally install all additionals since many are quite important for python. Some are more specialized and you may not use, while others like libcurses are basically required if you expect to ever need to interact with an interpreter (eg troubleshooting a production environment). Others you may not need until some future data, say when you install a package that expects a certain kind of data compression. Overall, my advice is just install all unless you know more or have a specialized use case for streamlined environment.

sudo apt -y install build-essential gdb lcov pkg-config libbz2-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev libgdbm-compat-dev liblzma-dev libncurses-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev lzma tk-dev uuid-dev zlib1g-dev libmpdec-dev libzstd-dev inetutils-inetd