Small, strongly typed timing and concurrency utilities for modern TypeScript. Every scheduled call returns a real promise for the wrapped function's actual result. There are no runtime dependencies, and the package ships as ESM and CommonJS.

npm install @alsoftworks/temporize

temporize deliberately focuses on controlling when and how often work runs. Debouncing, throttling, batching, retry timing, frame scheduling, and idle scheduling all belong to that family. Object, array, string, and other general utility helpers are intentionally out of scope; that boundary is a design decision, not an omission.

import { debounce } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const search = debounce(
  async (query: string) => {
    const response = await fetch(`/api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}`);
    return response.json() as Promise<{ total: number }>;
  },
  250,
  { maxWait: 1_000 },
);

const result = await search("type inference");
console.log(result.total);

search.pending();
await search.flush();
search.cancel();

Several calls coalesced into one invocation each receive a separate promise settled with that invocation's result. A leading-only debounce resolves calls suppressed within the window with the leading invocation's result.

import { throttle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const savePosition = throttle(
  (x: number, y: number) => ({ x, y, savedAt: Date.now() }),
  100,
  { leading: true, trailing: true },
);

const saved = await savePosition(120, 80);

Regular throttling coalesces excess calls and uses the latest arguments for a trailing invocation.

import { rafThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const updateLayout = rafThrottle((width: number) => {
  document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--viewport-width", `${width}px`);
});

window.addEventListener("resize", () => updateLayout(window.innerWidth));

// Discard a frame that has been requested but has not run.
updateLayout.cancel();

In browsers, rafThrottle uses requestAnimationFrame. During SSR and in Node, it falls back to a 16 ms setTimeout, so importing and calling it is safe when animation-frame globals do not exist.

import { debounceAsync } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const loadUser = debounceAsync(
  async (id: string, signal: AbortSignal) => {
    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${id}`, { signal });
    return response.json() as Promise<{ id: string; name: string }>;
  },
  200,
  { overlap: "cancel-previous" },
);

// The AbortSignal parameter is supplied internally and omitted from this call.
const user = await loadUser("user_123");

The overlap policies are:

• "queue" (default): keep each fired invocation and start it after active work settles.
• "drop": do not start the overlapping invocation; its callers adopt the active invocation's promise.
• "cancel-previous": abort the active invocation's internally supplied signal and immediately start the new invocation. JavaScript functions that do not declare a signal safely ignore the extra argument.

For typed signal injection, declare a required AbortSignal as the wrapped function's final parameter. debounceAsync removes that parameter from the returned function's call signature. Cancellation is cooperative: an async operation must observe the signal to stop its in-flight work.

import { throttlePromise } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const sendRequest = throttlePromise(
  async (path: string) => fetch(path).then((response) => response.status),
  100,
);

const requests = [
  sendRequest("/api/one"),
  sendRequest("/api/two"),
  sendRequest("/api/three"),
];

console.log(sendRequest.queued());
console.log(await Promise.all(requests));

Every call enters a FIFO queue and starts at least one window after the prior start. The queue limits dispatch rate, not concurrency: a slow promise may still be active when the next window begins.

import { batch } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const markNotificationsRead = batch(
  async (calls: Array<[notificationId: string]>) => {
    const ids = calls.map(([notificationId]) => notificationId);
    const response = await fetch("/api/notifications/read", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
      body: JSON.stringify({ ids }),
    });
    if (!response.ok) throw new Error("Could not mark notifications as read");
    return ids.length;
  },
  50,
  { maxSize: 100 },
);

const first = markNotificationsRead("notification_1");
const second = markNotificationsRead("notification_2");

// Both promises resolve to 2 because both calls shared one batch invocation.
console.log(await first, await second);

Unlike debounce, batch retains every argument tuple. The wrapped function runs once with the complete array, and every caller in that batch receives the same result or error.

import { retry } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const controller = new AbortController();
const fetchJson = retry(
  async (url: string) => {
    const response = await fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal });
    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
    return response.json() as Promise<unknown>;
  },
  {
    attempts: 4,
    baseDelay: 250,
    maxDelay: 2_000,
    signal: controller.signal,
  },
);

const data = await fetchJson("/api/flaky-report");

Retries use exponential backoff and randomized jitter by default. Supply shouldRetry when permanent errors should stop immediately.

import { idle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const recordAnalytics = idle(
  (eventName: string, properties: object) => {
    navigator.sendBeacon("/analytics", JSON.stringify({ eventName, properties }));
  },
  { timeout: 2_000 },
);

recordAnalytics("dashboard_viewed", { source: "navigation" });

Rapid calls are coalesced using the latest arguments and deferred until the browser is idle. Safari, Node, and other environments without requestIdleCallback use a 1 ms timer fallback.

import { concurrencyLimit } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";

const upload = concurrencyLimit(async (file: File) => {
  const body = new FormData();
  body.append("file", file);
  const response = await fetch("/api/uploads", { method: "POST", body });
  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Upload failed: ${file.name}`);
  return response.json();
}, 3);

const uploaded = await Promise.all(files.map(upload));
console.log(upload.pending(), upload.queued());

At most three uploads start together. Excess calls wait in FIFO order. upload.cancel() rejects queued calls, but deliberately lets uploads already in flight finish because the wrapped function may not be cancellable. Later calls can be queued normally; aborting the configured signal also rejects future calls.

React and Vue adapters are optional subpath exports. Installing @alsoftworks/temporize does not install either framework, and importing the core package does not load adapter code. Add only the peer your application already uses.

npm install @alsoftworks/temporize react

Import hooks from @alsoftworks/temporize/react:

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { useDebouncedValue } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/react";

export function Search(): JSX.Element {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
  const debouncedQuery = useDebouncedValue(query, 300);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!debouncedQuery) return;
    void fetch(`/api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(debouncedQuery)}`);
  }, [debouncedQuery]);

  return (
    <input
      value={query}
      onChange={(event) => setQuery(event.target.value)}
      placeholder="Search"
    />
  );
}

Use useThrottle for high-frequency browser events. The hook keeps a stable function identity, invokes the latest callback closure, and cancels pending trailing work when the component unmounts.

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { TemporizeAbortError } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";
import { useThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/react";

export function ScrollPosition(): JSX.Element {
  const [position, setPosition] = useState(0);
  const updatePosition = useThrottle((next: number) => {
    setPosition(next);
  }, 100);

  useEffect(() => {
    const handleScroll = () => {
      void updatePosition(window.scrollY).catch((error: unknown) => {
        if (!(error instanceof TemporizeAbortError)) throw error;
      });
    };
    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll, { passive: true });
    return () => window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);
  }, [updatePosition]);

  return <output>{position}</output>;
}

The React entry point exports useDebounce, useThrottle, useDebouncedValue, and useRafThrottle. Every function wrapper exposes the same cancel, flush, and pending methods as its core equivalent; useRafThrottle exposes cancel.

npm install @alsoftworks/temporize vue

Import composables from @alsoftworks/temporize/vue. useDebouncedRef accepts a raw value, ref, computed ref, or getter and returns a normal writable ref.

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, watch } from "vue";
import { useDebouncedRef } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/vue";

const query = ref("");
const debouncedQuery = useDebouncedRef(query, 300);

watch(debouncedQuery, (value) => {
  if (!value) return;
  void fetch(`/api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`);
});
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="query" placeholder="Search" />
</template>

Use the Vue throttle composable for scroll handling. Pending work is cancelled through Vue's onUnmounted lifecycle automatically.

<script setup lang="ts">
import { onMounted, onUnmounted, ref } from "vue";
import { TemporizeAbortError } from "@alsoftworks/temporize";
import { useThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/vue";

const position = ref(0);
const updatePosition = useThrottle((next: number) => {
  position.value = next;
}, 100);

const handleScroll = () => {
  void updatePosition(window.scrollY).catch((error: unknown) => {
    if (!(error instanceof TemporizeAbortError)) throw error;
  });
};

onMounted(() => window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll, { passive: true }));
onUnmounted(() => window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll));
</script>

<template>
  <output>{{ position }}</output>
</template>

The Vue entry point exports useDebounce, useThrottle, useDebouncedRef, and useRafThrottle. React and Vue are optional peer dependencies, so the core library retains zero framework and runtime dependencies.

Returns (...args) => Promise<Awaited<R>> with:

• cancel(): void clears the timer and rejects calls waiting to run with a TemporizeAbortError. It does not stop work already invoked.
• flush(): Promise<Awaited<R>> | undefined immediately runs pending trailing work and returns the shared result promise. It returns the most recent result when no work is pending, or undefined before any invocation exists.
• pending(): boolean reports whether trailing work is waiting to run.

DebounceOptions:

Negative and non-finitely falsy waits are treated as zero. A zero-wait trailing call still runs in a later timer task.

Returns the same promise function and lifecycle methods as debounce. ThrottleOptions:

Returns a void function with cancel(): void. Repeated calls before a frame are coalesced and the latest arguments and this value are used.

Returns the same lifecycle shape as debounce. DebounceAsyncOptions includes all DebounceOptions plus:

Calling .cancel() rejects scheduled debounce work and overlap jobs that are queued but not started. It does not implicitly abort active work; the "cancel-previous" policy aborts active work when its replacement starts.

Returns (...args) => Promise<Awaited<R>> with:

• cancel(): void rejects every queued call and clears the drain timer.
• flush(): Promise<Awaited<R>> | undefined immediately starts the next item.
• pending(): boolean reports a queued item or scheduled drain.
• queued(): number returns the number of calls not yet started.

ThrottlePromiseOptions:

Returns (...args) => Promise<R> with:

• cancel(): void rejects all calls still queued in the current batch.
• flush(): Promise<R> | undefined immediately invokes queued work and returns the shared result promise.
• pending(): boolean reports whether the current batch contains calls.
• size(): number returns the number of queued argument tuples.

BatchOptions:

The wrapped function receives Args[], preserving every call's complete argument tuple. It runs only once per batch, so all callers in that batch settle with the same result or error.

Returns an async function with the same inferred arguments and resolved result. The first successful attempt resolves the call. Exhaustion rejects with a TemporizeTimeoutError whose attempts and cause expose the attempt count and last failure. Aborting rejects immediately with TemporizeAbortError.

RetryOptions:

Returns a void function with cancel(): void. Calls before the idle callback runs are coalesced using the latest arguments and this value.

IdleOptions:

When idle callbacks are unavailable, scheduling falls back to setTimeout(fn, 1).

Returns (...args) => Promise<R> with:

• cancel(): void rejects queued calls without interrupting work already in flight; later calls remain usable.
• pending(): number returns the number of running calls.
• queued(): number returns the number of calls waiting for a slot.

Calls start in FIFO order as slots become available. max must be a positive integer and invalid values throw a synchronous TypeError. Passing { signal } applies the same queued-only cancellation rule and preserves the signal's abort reason on TemporizeAbortError.reason.

TemporizeAbortError identifies cancellation by .cancel() or an AbortSignal. Its reason and cause preserve a supplied signal reason. TemporizeTimeoutError identifies exhausted retries and exposes attempts plus the last underlying error through cause.

npm run build emits minified ESM, CommonJS, and declarations in dist/. The implementation is tree-shakeable (sideEffects: false) and has no runtime dependencies. The core exports are designed to remain below 1 kB each after minification and gzip when consumed individually. Current tree-shaken ESM measurements with esbuild are: debounce 721 B, throttle 759 B, rafThrottle 236 B, throttlePromise 559 B, debounceAsync 997 B, batch 512 B, retry 662 B, idle 241 B, and concurrencyLimit 526 B. debounceAsync is closest to the budget because its concurrency state machine and internal AbortController must cover all three overlap policies.

Use a bundle analyzer in the final application because shared helpers, module format wrappers, and bundler chunking affect attributed per-export sizes.

The optional adapters are measured as independent, minified ESM bundles with their framework peer externalized. The React entry is 1,169 B gzipped and the Vue entry is 1,089 B gzipped. Both include the core scheduling code they use and remain below the separate 1.5 kB adapter budget.

npm test
npm run typecheck
npm run lint
npm run build
npm run size
npm run bench

Use npm run build:core or npm run test:core when working only on the framework-free entry point. npm publish runs the complete tests, strict type check, and all three builds automatically through prepublishOnly.

React, Vue, jsdom, and their testing utilities are repository-only development dependencies. npm does not support installing only a named subset of one package's devDependencies, so contributors running a normal npm install receive the adapter test stack. Package consumers do not: React and Vue are optional peers, stay external in adapter builds, and never enter the core bundle.

See CONTRIBUTING.md for contribution requirements and CHANGELOG.md for release history.

The tinybench benchmark measures raw wrapper dispatch overhead against the standalone lodash.debounce and lodash.throttle packages. It intentionally does not claim behavioral equivalence: temporize allocates a real promise for every call, which is part of its contract and part of the measured cost.

MIT. See LICENSE. Third-party development and benchmark references are documented in THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.md; they are not included in Temporize's runtime bundles.