英国瑞利花园香蕉树 15 年后发芽
Bananas sprout in Rayleigh Garden UK after 15 years

原始链接: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg8edqq5g5o

英国近期温暖的天气和较温和的冬季正在改变当地的家庭园艺趋势。由于气温升高,曾经在英国家庭花园中罕见的香蕉树等外来植物,如今越来越多地开始结出果实。 埃塞克斯郡(Essex)和萨福克郡(Suffolk)的园艺爱好者报告称,他们已成功种植了芭蕉(*Musa basjoo*),这通常归功于近期的热浪为这些喜热植物提供了必要的生长气候。据英国皇家园艺学会(Royal Horticultural Society)称,这一趋势与英国园艺界的整体转变相吻合:虽然大黄和醋栗等传统耐寒作物正面临困境,但无花果、橄榄和杏子等耐热品种却长势良好。 植物学家詹姆斯·王(James Wong)指出,尽管种植香蕉树变得容易多了,但芭蕉的果实通常不可食用,因此并不作为日常果蔬。尽管如此,外来园艺的兴起凸显了气候模式变化对英国景观的实质性影响。虽然园艺爱好者们利用小气候环境或保护性包裹来应对霜冻,但随着炎热夏季的频率增加,这些曾经罕见的、具有热带风情的花园,未来可能会在英国各地变得更为普遍。

英国花园中长出香蕉树的消息,在 Hacker News 上引发了关于植物学、气候和历史的广泛讨论。 评论者指出,在英国种植香蕉是一种小众但为人所知的爱好,尽管这些植物(通常为 Musa basjoo)大多不可食用,且由于冬季寒冷难以完全成熟。许多参与者将这一现象归因于气候模式的改变,并指出较高的气温正使得橄榄和酿酒葡萄等原本无法在北欧生长的作物变得更加普遍。 讨论还延伸至以下话题: * **全球交流:** 查尔斯·曼(Charles C. Mann)的《1491》和《1493》一书引发了关于作物迁移的讨论,例如如今已成为特定地区饮食支柱的土豆、辣椒和咖啡,实际上都是通过全球贸易引进的。 * **农业历史:** 关于香蕉单一栽培的争论,特别是从“大米七”(Gros Michel)品种向“卡文迪许”(Cavendish)品种的转变,以及巴拿马病带来的持续威胁。 * **气候数据质疑:** 讨论区出现了一个关于“城市热岛效应”和跑道附近气象站可靠性的激烈辩论。一些用户认为,所记录的气温数据可能更多是受城市化影响,而非反映了更广泛的气候趋势。
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原文

Bananas in bloom - warm weather impact on gardens

Supplied A woman with glasses and a hat posing next to a bunch of bananasSupplied
Emma (pictured) and Peter Stav waited 15 years for their plants to suddenly grow fruit

Could bananas be common in British gardens soon? Warmer summers and milder winters might mean new fruits appearing, while we say goodbye to some old favourites.

Peter and Emma Stav, tropical plant enthusiasts from Rayleigh in Essex, were astonished to see fruit finally grow on their collection of 200 banana plants after 15 years.

Peter, a 38-year-old school teacher, said: "I'm just absolutely amazed that it's happened."

Guy Barter from The Royal Horticultural Society said "heat-loving plants" such as olives, figs and apricots are excelling more, while traditional British crops like gooseberries and rhubarb are on the decline in some areas.

The chief horticulturist said: "The climate is getting warmer and bananas never used to flower 20 years ago. It would be a red letter day when the banana flowers."

Peter Stav A close up of a thick green stalk which is splitting off into fruit that slightly resembles bananasPeter Stav
Olives and apricots are thriving, while gooseberries and rhubarb struggle

The Musa Basjoo banana has always been famous for being able to survive UK winters, but the flower often needs protection from frost.

The Stavs have built walls around their plants to trap heat and create a "microclimate effect" for the colder winter weather.

Peter said: "Over the past couple of winters I haven't wrapped them up because they're nearly 3m (10ft) tall so it's very difficult to wrap them. This year due to the heatwave, the plant's actually fruited.

"You put one in the ground and you get another 10 come up. They split. They produce more and more and more."

Elsewhere in the East of England, a 76-year-old man from Suffolk was in "complete surprise" when his banana plant suddenly produced fruit for the first time.

Stephen Hind, of Pettistree near Wickham Market, bought the tree for his exotic garden a few years ago because "they just look good", and believes scorching temperatures played a part in bringing it to life.

Supplied A man wearing glasses, a dark blue T-shirt and light blue shorts stands next to a banana plant. There are a number of trees and plants behind him.Supplied
Stephen Hind takes pride in maintaining his garden, which is filled with exotic plants and trees

TV presenter and botanist James Wong said the hotter UK temperatures has made it "very easy" to grow bananas.

He said: "It's sort of impossible to water or fertilise them too much. They're incredibly fast growing if they have that heat.

"If people live in a really cold or exposed area or in the northern half of Britain, they might wrap up the stems.

"That basically creates like an insulating layer that protects a pocket of warm air around the plants and stops frost from damaging their cells."

'Mouthful of ball bearings'

BBC Studios James Wong looking closely at a plant BBC Studios
Botanist James Wong has appeared on the BBC's A Countryside Summer

Wong, 45, has presented for BBC series' Grow Your Own Drugs and Secrets of Your Food.

He pointed out that Musa Basjoos are not really for eating.

He said: "It's basically like having a mouth full of ball bearings with half a teaspoon of banana on them."

He added that growing banana plants in the UK is not new for a "geek in the plant world", but perhaps still niche to the average person.

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