法官裁定:公司在某些特拉华州的选举中拥有投票权。
Corporations can vote in some Delaware elections, judge says

原始链接: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/esg/corporations-have-the-right-to-vote-in-delaware-town-judge-says

在一项新颖的裁决中,特拉华州高等法院法官支持了“人工实体”(包括公司、有限责任公司和信托)在某些市政选举中的投票权。克雷格·A·卡斯尼茨(Craig A. Karsnitz)法官驳回了美国公民自由联盟(ACLU)针对芬威克岛镇(Fenwick Island)的诉讼,该镇允许拥有房产的非人类实体参与地方选举。 美国公民自由联盟认为,实体投票违宪地削弱了活体公民的政治权力。然而,卡斯尼茨法官驳回了这一主张,指出特拉华州法律将这些实体视为“人”。他强调,原告未能证明这种做法涉及歧视、党派偏见,也未能证明这些实体作为一个强大的统一集团进行投票。 该裁决凸显了特拉华州独特的法律环境,即商业实体的数量远超人类居民,并对该州经济做出了巨大贡献。尽管批评者常将企业投票比作反乌托邦小说,但法院裁定,根据“一人/实体一票”的原则,该镇的章程仍然合宪。这一决定反映了企业人格权的持续扩张,自最高法院在“联合公民诉联邦选举委员会案”(Citizens United)中做出裁决以来,这一趋势一直是一个充满争议的话题。

最近特拉华州法院的一项裁决引发了争议,该裁决确认在特定城镇(特别是芬威克岛)拥有房产的公司有资格参与当地市政选举。 尽管一些评论者最初担心这会让个人通过创建多家空壳公司来操纵选举,但另一些人澄清说,投票权是与实际拥有房产挂钩的,而不仅仅是与公司注册挂钩。尽管有这一限制,该决定仍招致了大量批评。批评者认为,赋予“潜在永生”的实体投票权破坏了民主原则和人类选举权。这一讨论引发了人们将其与伦敦金融城和香港历史上企业投票制度的类比,一些参与者呼吁采取立法行动,以确保投票权始终是自然人的专属权利。
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原文

Corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, and other “artificial entities” have the right to vote in Delaware elections under some circumstances, a judge said in a novel ruling Tuesday.

Judge Craig A. Karsnitz rejected an ACLU challenge to a charter permitting voting in local elections by the entities that own most of the property in the Town of Fenwick Island, one of several municipalities in the state with similar provisions. Karsnitz dismissed the lawsuit from Delaware’s Superior Court, citing “the principle of one person/entity/one vote.”

“Visions of faceless large corporations or even HAL controlling a small town are frightening and the stuff of science fiction,” but “trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations are expressly recognized as ‘persons’ in the Delaware Code,” the judge said.

The dispute over municipal voting in a tiny coastal community represents an unusual flashpoint in the decades-long fight over the free speech rights of corporations and the dark money flooding the American electoral system. The US Supreme Court held in 2010’s Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission that political spending counts as constitutionally protected speech.

Ever since that ruling effectively ended corporate campaign finance regulation, the prospect of outright voting by business entities has served as fodder for both critics and comedians.

Delaware, home to more corporations than people, is a fitting place for reality to outpace satire. The state constitutional provisions expressly enshrining corporate personhood reflect Delaware’s budgetary reliance on the billions in fees it raises annually from the more than 2 million business entities chartered there.

Karsnitz, writing in a 19-page opinion Tuesday, rejected an array of constitutional arguments advanced by the ACLU, including the claim that entity voting dilutes the political power of living people.

The lawsuit “does not allege discrimination based on race or political partisanship,” show “that entity property owners vote sufficiently as a bloc to usually defeat the preferred candidates of natural persons,” or assert “that Fenwick’s charter distinguishes between natural persons and entity property owners with the discriminatory intent to fence out natural persons,” the judge said.

The town is represented by Brockstedt Mandalas Federico LLC. The ACLU is represented by its own attorneys.

The case is Am. Civ. Lib. Union of Del. v. Town of Fenwick Island, Del. Super. Ct., No. S25C-12-003, 5/26/26.

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