SpaceX的1.75万亿美元IPO估值过高30%。
A forecast of the fair market value of SpaceX's businesses

原始链接: https://futuresearch.ai/spacex-ipo-valuation/

## SpaceX IPO 估值:预测分析 SpaceX 已秘密提交 IPO 申请,目标估值为创纪录的 1.75 万亿美元,计划于 2026 年 6 月上市。本分析预测该价格是否合理,方法是将公司分解为七个关键业务部门:星链(消费者、企业/海事/航空、直连手机)、xAI/Grok、星舰、政府/国防以及猎鹰 9 号/重型火箭。 该预测采用“总和估值法”(SOTP),目前将 SpaceX 的估值约为 1.25 万亿美元——低于 IPO 目标 29%。实现 1.75 万亿美元的估值需要在 *所有* 部门取得显著的超额表现,本质上是一种“最佳情况”。星链占预计价值的最高比例(48%),而 xAI 的 2580 亿美元估值,很大程度上基于最近的合并,鉴于目前的亏损,其合理性受到质疑。星舰的价值很大程度上是推测性的,代表着未来的潜力。 SOTP 估值与 IPO 价格之间的差距可能可以用潜在的“集团溢价”来解释——即人们相信星链、星舰和 xAI 之间的协同效应创造了独特的价值——以及预计的零售需求量大(据报道分配比例为 30%)。然而,该估值严重依赖于乐观的增长预测,特别是星链用户数量和 xAI 的发展。

## SpaceX IPO 讨论 - 摘要 一篇 futuresearch.ai 文章认为,SpaceX 潜在的 1.75 万亿美元 IPO 估值偏高 30%。尽管承认 SpaceX 的进步——特别是星舰的成功测试——评论员们争论如此高估值的合理性。 一个主要担忧是,SpaceX 的价值很大程度上与 xAI 和星舰等投机性项目相关联,这些项目的估值*独立于*当前收入(估计 120-160 亿美元,净收入 15-30 亿美元)。一些人担心,由于规则变化允许更快纳入,指数基金将被迫在高潮时买入,从而可能将财富从散户投资者转移到超级富豪。 然而,另一些人指出,指数基金的浮动调整可能会最大程度地减少 SpaceX 对整体投资组合价值的影响,从而降低了该问题对普通投资者的重要性。人们将 SpaceX 与诺基亚 IPO 等过去的泡沫进行比较,并表达了对当前人工智能估值的普遍怀疑。最终,讨论强调了评估既有成熟收入流又具有高度投机性未来项目的公司所面临的困难。
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原文

SpaceX filed confidentially for an IPO on April 1, 2026, targeting a $1.75 trillion valuation and a June listing. If completed, it would be the largest IPO in history.

I found this valuation interesting because SpaceX is a conglomerate now, so valuing the business segments together has a lot of intangible value. But my particular interest was because the IPO will happen in June (or later), so the question is not: what is SpaceX worth now, but what will SpaceX be worth then?

That's a forecasting question, so I decided to forecast it.

I broke SpaceX into seven business segments and forecast what the fair market value of each will be as of June 2026, assuming the IPO happens then. My conclusion is that for the company to be fairly valued at $1.75 trillion in June, each of its businesses would need to outperform between now and then.

SpaceX sum-of-the-parts valuation by business segment Red portion of the IPO bar shows the 29% premium over SOTP fair value.

At median forecasted values: Starlink Consumer Broadband at $380B (9.2M subscribers, ~38x revenue), xAI/Grok at $258B (anchored by the $250B merger), Starship Commercial Launch at $170B (pre-revenue option value), Starlink Enterprise/Maritime/Aviation at $147B, Government/Defense at $123B (~$22B contract backlog), Falcon 9/Heavy at $100B (~60-70% of global launches), and Starlink Direct-to-Cell at $75B (backed by $17-19B in EchoStar spectrum).

This totals $1,253B. Adding $11.6B in cash and liquid assets, subtracting ~$15B in total debt (SpaceX standalone obligations, remaining xAI inherited debt, EchoStar spectrum commitments), the sum-of-the-parts equity value is approximately $1,250 billion, 29% below the $1.75 trillion IPO target.

Where does the $500 billion gap come from? The SOTP method sums forecasted medians, but the IPO prices correlated upside, as if all businesses are valuaed more in my 75th percentile forecast. If investors are bullish on Starlink, they're simultaneously bullish on Starship, xAI, and defense. Taking the 75th percentile across all segments instead of the 50th brings the total to ~$1,675B, close to the target. The $1.75T price is "everything goes right" pricing.

SpaceX may also be one of the rare conglomerate premium cases. Conglomerates usually trade at a discount because investors prefer pure-play exposure. But the narrative that Starlink + Starship + xAI creates something no single segment could (orbital data centers, AI-powered global connectivity) may justify paying above the sum of parts. And the largest IPO in history will generate extraordinary retail demand: reportedly 30% retail allocation versus the typical 5-10%.

A few things stand out. Starlink in all three forms (consumer, enterprise, direct-to-cell) accounts for $602B, or 48% of segment value and 34% of the IPO price. A longer-term forecast of whether Starlink can grow from 9.2M subscribers to 50M+ while expanding revenue per user through enterprise, maritime, aviation, and direct-to-cell channels is critical. I anchored to what others are saying, but I'm skeptical.

The other area where I'm extremely skeptical is xAI at $258B, with ~$430M quarterly revenue against $1.46B quarterly losses, valued almost entirely on the merger anchor from four months earlier. I've forecasted previously that I'd need to see more evidence that xAI is a frontier lab before believing it could be worth this much.

Starship at $170B is pure option value on technology still in advanced testing. And the physical assets (satellites, launch pads, factories, the Falcon fleet) are worth roughly $46B at fair market value, 2.6% of the IPO price. Nobody is buying SpaceX for its factories.

Finally, I should say the fair market value really is just what people are willing to pay. Perhaps the intangibles are worth a 30% pop, that wouldn't be that unusual in IPOs. But based on my forecasts of value, it's not worth it unless everything goes really well all together for them.

If you'd like to try this forecast yourself, you can run our team-of-forecasters approach in futuresearch.ai/app, just ask it to list SpaceX's business segments, then ask it to forecast the fair market value of each one.

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