70和80年代的一些好杂志
A Few Good Magazines From the 70s and 80s

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## 早期科技杂志的回顾 70年代末和80年代拥有充满活力的杂志界,这得益于人们对科技未来乐观的展望。 这份回顾重点介绍了塑造了一代人对新兴个人电脑革命理解的几份重要期刊。 **BYTE** 是其中的佼佼者,涵盖从DIY硬件项目和编程语言(如Smalltalk、LISP和FORTH)到行业新闻的各个方面。 **Dr. Dobbs Journal** 迎合了专业的软件工程师,提供了关于工具和技术的深入文章——在容易获取在线帮助时代之前,这是一份至关重要的资源。 像 **COMPUTE!** 和 **Creative Computing** 这样的杂志吸引了爱好者,提供了需要手动输入的BASIC程序列表——在互联网普及之前,这是学习编码的主要方式。 **Personal Computing** 扩大了范围,涵盖电子表格、游戏以及“个人计算”的概念,*早于*IBM PC。 最后,**OMNI Magazine** 由 *Penthouse* 的出版商创办,独特地融合了科学、科幻和惊艳的视觉效果,提供了一个精致而鼓舞人心的未来愿景。 这些杂志不仅仅是关于技术;它们培养了一种动手、实验性的学习方式,以及一种理解计算机是驾驭快速变化的世界的关键的信念。 它们代表了一个只需要一张图书馆卡、一台雅达利和一种愿意打字的时代。

## 回忆70年代和80年代的计算机杂志 一个Hacker News的讨论强调了几本70年代和80年代广受欢迎的计算机杂志,引发了用户们的回忆。**Dr. Dobb's Journal**脱颖而出,许多人回忆起用它来学习早期的编程技能——一位用户甚至根据杂志中刊登的代码构建了一个C编译器。**Creative Computing**和**Byte**也受到了提及,一些人指出*Byte*最终变得更加主流。 除了纯粹的技术出版物外,由*Playboy*的创办人创立的**OMNI**杂志,因其科幻小说、奇幻艺术(尤其是H.R. Giger的作品)以及对太空探索的报道而受到赞扬。还有一些小众杂志也被提及,包括**The Transactor**(专注于Commodore 64)、**Kilobaud**、**Hardcore Computist**(以规避软件复制保护而闻名)和**2600**。 用户们感叹难以获取一些杂志的旧期,尽管互联网档案提供了一些有限的扫描。讨论还涉及像*Playboy*和*Penthouse*这样杂志出人意料地拥有优秀的虚构作品和技术评论,以及地下杂志**Phrack**。许多评论者分享了个人轶事,讲述这些杂志如何塑造了他们早期与计算机的经验,并培养了一种社区意识。
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Youngsters may find it hard to imagine, and us oldsters may find it hard to remember, but in the late 1970s through most of the 1980s, there were several very good magazines being published. This is a personal remembrance of periodicals I knew and loved. Not all of them are explicitly "tech" magazines, but each of them expressed an optimism for technology and the future.

It's not all tech in this list, but we're definitely starting with tech. BYTE was by far my favorite. It was already going strong by the time my family got our first TRS-80 for the home.

Cover of August 1981 Smalltalk Balloon issue of BYTE Magazine.
Figure 1: August '81 Smalltalk Issue of BYTE.

When my mom brought home a Sun workstation running Smalltalk, the famous August '81 Smalltalk Balloon issue had just been published.

BYTE was focused on the (then) growing Micro-Computer Revolution. Early issues bounced between hardware projects (like how to build a cassette interface or graphics card to your S-100 system) and software projects (like "Roll Your Own Assembler.") The early years of BYTE predated the IBM PC by years.

I first encountered Steve Ciarcia in the pages of BYTE, where his monthly Circuit Cellar articles tackled an interesting DIY hardware project. Circuit Cellar eventually spun off as it's own thing and if the internet is to be believed, Steve sold his interest in the business in 2016, hopefully to enjoy a happy retirement.

Cover of August 1980 FORTH issue of BYTE Magazine.
Figure 2: August '80 FORTH Issue.

In addition to countless articles about new personal computing systems and industry news, BYTE also ran annual articles focused on specific programming languages. The August '77 issue focused on APL and the August '79 issue was a deep-dive on LISP.

BYTE is still worth reading, 50 years later. Maybe not every article, but there are some great overviews of topics that are still of interest (programming languages, games, music, etc.) And if you're a computer historian, it's a first class collection of primary sources. Many of the articles were written by the great minds of the time (Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, Seymour Papert, etc.)

And for about a decade, Robert Tinney provided cover illustrations for the magazine. Each was interesting, topical and well executed. It's worth the few minutes it takes to peruse his website at tinney.net.

Before Server Fault and Stack Overflow reduced programming to a cargo-cult religion of copy and paste, professional software engineers needed to understand what they were doing. There was no AI you could nudge to mine the intellect of past generations of coders. Titles like "Programmer / Analyst" and "Software Engineer" implied an understanding of technical and business processes. Professionals like this read Dr. Dobbs.

Cover of Volume 1 of Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics and Orthodontia.
Figure 3: Cover of Volume 1 of Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia.

Dr. Dobbs started as a modest affair in the mid-70s by Bob Albrecht and Dennis Allison focused on Tiny BASIC for microcomputers. The first time I encountered it at the Byte Shop on North Collins in Arlington, Texas, it was still a photocopy of a modestly typeset newsletter.

By the mid-80s, however, it had grown to a professionally produced resource for software professionals. Most every CASE tool I encountered, I read about in Dr. Dobbs first.

By the time the 90s rolled around, Dr. Dobbs seemed tightly focused on C/C++, but in the 80s there were still articles on FORTH, Modula-2, 6502 Hacks and so forth. The February '87 Issue has an interesting historical take on the concept of "Artificial Intelligence." Once upon a time, the term encompassed a wide variety of tools and techniques. It was not synonymous with LLM/CNN/Back-Propigation.


COMPUTE! and Creative Computing were also popular among my peer group at the time. My sense was they attracted more of a hobbyist or power-user demographic: People who weren't working as software engineers, but had bought a Commodore 64 because they wanted to learn more about what personal computers could do. It's hard to remember, but there was a time when few people had a personal computer (much less a mobile phone.) There was a general sense that "the future" was coming and people who knew how to plug in a Commodore 64 had a better chance of not getting bull-dozered by it.

Cover of Personal Computing Magazine from the 1970s
Figure 4: Cover of Personal Computing Magazine from the 1970s.

Personal Computing magazine seemed to be targeting a broad audience. It contained articles on spread-sheet programs, games, math and taxes. But maybe the most important thing to remember here is they were using the term Personal Computing long before the IBM PC was even a notion in Don Estridge's heart.

One thing you would find in Personal Computing, COMPUTE!, Creative Computing and BYTE were listings. Beautiful, beautiful BASIC listings, ready to be typed in. This was before public access to the internet. Even modems were somewhat rare. Floppy disks cost at least a dollar and cost of duplicating magnetic media to distribute along with a print magazine was still pretty prohibitive.

If you were a kid in the late 70s with a TI 99/4 or a TRS-80, print magazines were how you got your software. And maybe more importantly, it's how you learned BASIC programming.

BASIC listing from COMPUTE! Magazine
Figure 5: BASIC listing from COMPUTE! Magazine.

Most of us who learned programming in the 70s and 80s didn't learn it as a rigorous discipline. We learned by imitation and experimentation. We typed in a program and made a guess at what would happen if we changed it and then monkeyed with the code until it did something similar to what we wanted.

Not much has changed in terms of coding pedagogy. Though I guess we now look at python scripts and code fragments on GitHub and Stack Overflow instead of BASIC programs printed in magazines.

Before moving on, I just wanted to mention. One thing I loved about this era was how little infrastructure was required. You didn't need mobile phone service or an account with an ISP. A library card and an Atari 800 was all you needed to participate in the future.

I miss those days.

Playboy Magazine in the 50s and 60s had a reputation for, among other things, reviewing hi-fi systems, pop albums and surprisingly good fiction. Penthouse publisher Bob Guccione must have wanted some of the tech + fiction market because he and his wife Kathy Keeton launched Omni Magazine in 1978.

Cover of OMNI's first issue
Figure 6: Cover of OMNI's first issue.

Omni was sensuous. Omni was fun. Omni seemed scientific and smart. Omni seemed like they had a better view of the future than most of the rest of us.

Omni wasn't so much about naked women. That was Bob Guccione's other magazine. There was nothing overtly pornographic about it, but it may have been one of the best designed magazines of the decade.

Hacker News commenter @IAmBroom described Omni as "hands-down the sexiest thing Penthouse ever did with their money." Truer words were never spoken. Sometimes the brain is the sexiest organ in the body.

Omni frequently published articles about UFOs, orbital colonies and Kirlian photography. But they also published interviews with respected scientists (Freeman Dyson was interviewed in their inaugural issue.) Every issue I remember had a photo feature often focusing on some aspect of the natural world. And sci-fi by some of the genre's greats.

Omni smelled like the future and looked like a million bucks. You can find copies of a few issues up on the Internet Archive. It's worth the time to page through them.

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